Meta-Analysis and Program Outcome Evaluation

Abstract

Meta-analysis is a technique for statistically representing and analyzing the ?ndings from a set of empirical research studies. In application to program evaluation research, it provides a means for systematically synthesizing knowledge about the characteristic and outcomes of effective programs. Six lessons learned from meta-analysis of evaluation research illustrate the application and ?ndings of this approach: (1) many social programs are more effective than generally realized; (2) individual evaluations can easily produce erroneous results; (3) the methods used in an evaluation play a large role in the program effects found in the evaluation; (4) program effectiveness is a function of identi?able program characteristics; (5) there is much room for program improvement; and (6) the most credible evidence about program effects comes through integration of multiple evaluation studies.